After 4 Years, Egypt Reopens Border With Gaza
RAFAH, Gaza Strip (AP) — After a four-year blockade, Egypt on Saturday reopened the Gaza Strip’s main gateway to the outside world, bringing some relief to the territory’s Palestinian population and a significant achievement for the area’s ruling Hamas militant group.
The reopening of the Rafah border crossing eases an Egyptian blockade that has prevented most of Gaza’s 1.5 million residents from being able to travel abroad. The closure, along with an Israeli blockade of its borders with Gaza, has fueled an economic crisis in the densely populated territory.
But Saturday’s move also raises Israeli fears that militants will be able to move freely in and out of Gaza. Highlighting those fears, the Israeli army said militants from inside Gaza fired a mortar shell into an open field in southern Israel overnight. There were no injuries, and Israel did not respond.
Israel and Egypt imposed the blockade after Hamas seized control of Gaza in June 2007. The closure, which included tight Israeli restrictions at its cargo crossings with Gaza and a naval blockade, was meant to weaken Hamas, an Islamic militant group that opposes peace with Israel.
Since the ouster of President Hosni Mubarak of Egypt in February, Cairo’s new leadership has vowed to ease the blockade and improve relations with Hamas.
“The closure did not affect only the travel of passengers or the flowing of goods. Our brains and our thoughts were under blockade,” said Khaled Halaweh, a 28-year-old student who was headed to Egypt for a master’s degree in engineering at Alexandria University in Egypt. He said he had not been out of Gaza for seven years.
The Rafah border terminal has functioned at limited capacity for months. Travel has been restricted to certain classes of people, such as students, businessmen or medical patients, and the crossing was often subject to closures. Travel through Israel’s passenger crossing with Gaza is extremely rare.
Under the new system, most restrictions are being lifted, and a much larger number of Palestinians are expected to be able to cross each day, easing a backlog that can force people to wait for months.
Some 350 people had gathered early Saturday as the first bus crossed the border. Two Egyptian officers stood guard next to a large Egyptian flag atop the border gate as the vehicle passed through. The atmosphere inside the Gaza border terminal was orderly, as Hamas police called up passengers one by one to register their travel documents.
After two hours of operation, Hatem Awideh, director general of the Hamas border authority in Gaza, said 175 people had crossed. None were forced to return, a departure from the past when Egypt had routinely rejected passengers included on particular lists.
“Today is a cornerstone for a new era that we hope will pave the road to ending the siege and blockade on Gaza,” Mr. Awideh said. “We hope this facilitation by our Egyptian brothers will improve travel and will allow everyone to leave Gaza.”
More buses crossed Rafah later, dragging blue carts attached to the rear, with luggage piled high. In the terminal, many waited with high hopes.
The new system will not resolve Gazans’ travel woes completely.
While Egypt has dropped its restrictions on who can travel, bureaucratic obstacles remain. Males from 18 to 40 will have to apply for Egyptian visas, a process that can take weeks. Women, children and older men will need easier-to-obtain travel permits, which can be obtained in several days.
Israel, which controls Gaza’s cargo crossings, allows most consumer goods into Gaza, but it still restricts exports as well as the entry of much-needed construction materials, saying they could be used by militants. Israel also enforces a naval blockade aimed at weapons smuggling.
Israeli and American officials have expressed concerns that Hamas will exploit the opening to bring weapons and fighters into Gaza. In January 2008, masked militants blew open the Rafah border wall, allowing thousands of people to pour in and out of Egypt.
Egyptian officials say they have security measures in place to keep weapons from crossing through Rafah.
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